Exam practice question and answer Essay

Marketing can be defined as an organization function and a set of process foe creating, communicating and delivering value to the customer and for managing customer relationship in a way that it benefits the organization and its stakeholders. In order to understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants, marketers need to identify the needs of the consumer, which is defined as the state of felt deprivation, such as hunger and self-actualization needs. Next, it advanced into wants, which is defined as the form of human need that is shaped by culture and individual personality. To satisfy ones hunger, they may opt to eat either rice or noodles depending on their preference. Demand, the human wants that are backed by buying power indicates a person’s financial ability to buy their wants. Organizations need to identify its microenvironment and macroenvironment to identify forces or actors in the business environment that can have effect on the organization’s marketing and business activities. Microenvironment of a company is made up of the company itself, its competitors, the suppliers, customers, marketing intermediaries and the publics. The publics are those people or organization that affect the operations of the organization. There are seven publics in total, which is made up of financial publics, media publics, citizen-action publics, government publics, local publics, general publics and internal publics that affects the marketing operation of an organization. Financial publics are banks and insurance companies that affect the company success in obtaining loan. Macroenvironment is the larger societal force that affects the whole environment. In an organizations macroenvironment, it consist of demographic environment, economic environment, natural environment, technological environment, political environment and cultural environment. Demographic environment is mainly made up of the changing age structure in the population, the changing family, geographical shift in population, better educated and white collar population and increased in ethnic diversity. A changing age structure means that as a person’s age grows, their needs and wants for a certain product will change according to their life cycle. After identifying the environment, marketers will undergo marketing research process. The first step of marketing research process is to define the problem and research objectives, which contains of exploratory, descriptive and causal research objectives. Next, the process will be continued by the development of the research plan from secondary source and primary source. Then it will decide on the research approaches it will utilize whether it is observational, experimental, ethnographic or survey type of research. Then, it researcher will decide on the contact method through mail, telephone, personal and group interviews or online marketing research. Then it will proceed to sampling plan and research instruments like mechanical devices and questionnaire. The processes are completed by implementing the plan and report it to the management. After research, marketers need to identify the factors that influence a consumers purchasing behavior. The factors that determine the buyer decision are personal factors, social factors, psychological factors and cultural factors. Social factors consist of age and life cycle, reference groups and roles and status in the society. For example, according to the age and life cycle of everyone, the needs and wants of an individual differs as their age grows, an old man require a walking stick. In buying a product, consumer may display one of the four buying behavior, which consist of complex buying behavior, dissonance-reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior and variety-seeking buying behavior depending on the involvement and the perceived brand difference from the consumers. In buying an item, consumers may go through stages such as problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior. Then, marketers will move on to the next step of the marketing process of designing customer-driven marketing strategy. To create a marketing strategy, marketers need to identify the segments in a particular market. A market is a set of potential and actual buyers of a product. Market segmentation can be divided into four variables, which consist of geographical, demographic, psychographic and behaviorial. But then, there are some criteria in assessing the effectiveness of the segmentation by looking into the measurable, accessible, substantial, differentiable and actionable in the segmented groups. After segmentation, marketers will proceed to market targeting, defined by evaluating segment attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. In evaluating market segments, marketers need to look into the segment size and growth, the structural attractiveness of the segment and the company’s objectives and resources. The companies can decide to use a range of market-coverage strategies such as differentiated marketing, undifferentiated marketing, concentrated marketing or micromarketing depending on the product they offers. After targeting, the company can differentiate their offering by giving superior value from several aspects, product, service, image or personnel differentiation. Customer value is the difference between the benefits gain from using and owning a product and cost of obtaining it. Thus consumer tend to purchase what they perceived as the highest value. Marketer will make their offering superior than of competitors by offer more value in its current offering to justify high price or lower price to compensate for low perceived value. Organizations need to have its own marketing offering in order to deliver value to customers. Marketing offering is a combination of product, service, information and experience that is offered to a market to satisfy a need or wants. Product is anything that can be offered into a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need of wants. Products are classified into three different levels, which consist of core products, actual product and augmented products. Next, marketer will determine whether the product falls into the different categories of the consumer markets such as convenience goods, shopping goods, specialty goods and unsought goods. Or if it is industrial goods, the category of materials and parts, capital items and supplies and services. In service, its characteristic is intangible, inseparable, perishable and variable. Price is sum of value that the customer exchanges for the benefits from using or having a product or services. The internal factors that affect pricing are the marketing objectives, the marketing mix strategy, cost and organizational consideration while the external factors are market and demand, competitors price and offer and other factors such as economic conditions and government regulations. Some of the approaches in pricing are cost-based pricing, value-based pricing and competition-based pricing and price skimming and penetration for new innovative products. Promotion is an act that persuades the publics about the products or brands merits. In influencing the consumers to buy its products, marketers can utilize integrated marketing communication tools such as advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotion and public relation. For example, marketer can use sales promotion in the form of tools such as coupons, rebates and discounts that act as sort-term incentives to build add-in value to encourage people to buy it products. The next tool is place where it describes how the product is made available to customer. Marketer can examine the number of marketing intermediaries where it consists of intensive distribution, exclusive distribution and selective distribution. For example, the goods that run on intensive distributions are normally fast moving consumer goods that are stocked in as many outlets as possible. It is available anywhere and anytime. Process involves the process that is part of the service. For example, if a car owner who experience poor customer service during one of his regular service, then he or she will not recommend the company to others and is less likely to rebuy the brand. People in an organization determine the success of the organization’s process in delivering superior value and satisfaction. Example, a lack-trained employee may mislead a customer into buying the wrong needs. Physical evidence is the quality of services in physical feature the customer can see, such as brochures and facilities. Without the presence of lecture halls, one could doubt the presence of the university whether it is a place for academic learning. In building profitable customer relationship, one must look into the customer satisfaction, which is defined as customer evaluation of the product or service feature, or the product or service itself. Customer satisfaction prompt repeat purchase thus is important. Satisfaction is influenced by the customer’s past buying experience from the company or its competitors, the information given and promises by the company or its competitors and what the customer thinks of a fair value in the price they paid. Feedbacks, mystery shoppers and exit interviews set a platform to improve the customer satisfaction which then strengthens the bond between the company and the customer thus leading to higher customer loyalty. After accessing satisfaction, marketers need to concern by building and maintaining profitable customer relationship by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Retaining current customer relationship is cheaper than to attract new customer. In retaining customers, marketers can implement club and frequency marketing program to strengthen bonds with the customers. By building strong customer relationship, a company can capture value from customer in the form of loyalty, profits and the spread of word of mouth from them. When the company produces superior value to the customers, most likely it will generate high customer satisfaction. High satisfaction lead building long lasting relationship with the customer gaining the loyalty of these customers in a long period, profits will eventually grow. Companies aim to achieve lifetime customer value, share of customer and customer equity from the customers.. All in all, by creating, delivering superior value and developing a strong customer profitable relationship, one can achieve returns like profits and sales, a monetary return and brand loyalty from the loyal customers. Q3. The six forces in an organization’s macroenvironment is cultural environment, political environment, economic environment, technological environment, demographic environment and natural environment. Demographic environment is based on the utility of demography, which is defined as the study of human population in terms of size, religion, occupation, age, sex and education. The changing age structure of the population is one of the factors that affect the macroenvironment. People of different age have different wants and needs and will continue to change as their age varies. The increase in aging population because of low birth rates and higher life expectancy has change the demand for certain products in the market. For example, youths wants products that match their lifestyle of cool and adventurous like game consoles, skateboards and smartphones while those baby boomers typically in their 50s now wants products like vacation, massage chair and antique vase. Geographical shift in population is also one of the factors. It can be categorized into movement between states, movement from rural to urban areas and movement from city to suburbs and back again. For example, the need for air-conditioning is more likely to be in demand in the Northern Territory, which is very hot than the demand in Sydney, which is cooling. A better-educated and more white-collar population has trigger the demand for formal attires such as a suit and corporate skirt. Next, an increasing of ethnic diversity in Malaysia has trigger the rising demand for wasabi and rice from the Japanese population that migrated to Malaysia. Every group of people has their specific wants depending on their attitude, behavior and buying habits too. Q6. Consumer product is made up of convenience products, shopping products, specialty products and unsought products. Convenience products are consumer products and services that the customer usually buys frequently, immediately and with minimum comparison and buying effort. It can be relate to habitual buying behavior too when the purchase of a product is made without much consideration and it is cheap despite widely available. Examples are washing powder and broom. Shopping products are less frequently purchased consumer products and services that customers compare carefully on suitability, price, quality and style. Consumers spend considerable amount of time and effort to access information about the products. It is classified as in complex buying behavior. Examples are television and laptops. Specialty products are consumer products and services with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase purpose. It is classified under the buying behavior of complex buying behavior and dissonance reducing buying behavior. This kind of product is purchase without much comparison with other brands. Examples are a Gucci handbag and a luxury car. Unsought goods are consumer products and services that the consumers either doesn’t know about it or knows but do not consider buying it. These products need intensive marketing such as promotions and advertising. Examples are funeral services and life insurance.

Eco- Resort

Hotel and Resort Management Assignment Diploma Fall 2012 Title:Growing trend: Eco-resorts Tutor:Mr. Hailstones From:Katy Hui Man Ying Course:Diploma 2 Submission Date:Week 15 Word count:1,553 Table of Contents Introduction3 Criteria of Eco-resorts4 – 6 Benefits of Eco-resorts6 – 7 Considerations on Eco-resorts7 – 8 Conclusion8 References9 – 10 Introduction There are researches done by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2005) indicate that, from 1994 to 2004, the international economic sector of tourism industry has grown by 25%, contributing to 10. % of the world’s total GDP. To aid the growth of tourism, the UNEP, connected with the World Tourism Organisation, has released the report titled Making Tourism More Sustainable: A Guide for Policy Makers. The report emphasizes the importance of tourism hoteliers to make efficient effort to maintain the environmental sustainability. According to World Wildlife Fund (2010), eco-resorts are †Å"types of resorts in which eco-efficiency measures are adopted throughout the lifecycle of the building, ranging from orientation, design, operation and maintenance†.Dowling (2000) also defines the eco-resort, quoted as followings: â€Å"An eco-resort is a self-contained, upmarket, nature-based accommodation facility. It is characterised by environmentally sensitive design, development and management which minimizes its adverse impact on the environment, particularly in the areas of energy and waste management, water conservation and purchasing. † (Dowling 2000: 165). To summarise the above, eco-resorts are not just focusing on the operation process, but from the concept design until the sustainability of the on-going policies.This paper is going to explore the principles of eco-resorts, also analysing the benefits and the disadvantages of eco-resorts. Criteria of eco-resorts The Sharetime Magazine (2011) suggests that eco-resorts include the theme of re-use, re-cycle and reduce. As mentioned before, in order to claim that is an eco-resort, there are several criteria to be covered. Environmental factors should be considered during the design stages of the resort. Murphy (2008) suggested that the landscape features need to be appealing to guests and efficient to operate.Bohdanowicz (2003) pointed out that resorts are built â€Å"to provide comfort and services twenty-four hours a day, year round†. This shows that the consumption of the resorts is massive and non-stop. Green-orientated landscape features can be added during the design stages in order to carry out the green policies in the operations. One of the most significant examples of green-orientated landscape is the green roof. According to the EPA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012), a green roof is a ‘vegetative layer grown on a rooftop’.The green roof helps cool down the temperature in the area through evapotranspiration. During the process of eva potranspiration, water from the rooftop soil is absorbed and enters the plants in the transpiration process. The water is then evaporated by the sun through evaporation (Wark, 2010). The other main benefit from implementing a green roof is that the air quality will be improved by a green roof (Martin, 2008). It works as a natural air-cleaner as green plants absorb carbon dioxide, the most common automobile emission, and release oxygen.In addition, as resorts are massive in energy consumption, it is efficient and beneficial to design a building-integrated photovoltaic. The building-integrated photovoltaic is solar electricity systems which are built into a building, instead of added on a building later (Gold Coast Energy, 2012). Solar energy is known as one of the most effective renewable energy source. The research carried out by Roisin (2012) points out that the amount of incident solar energy on earth each year equals to 1500 times the world’s annual energy use.Apart from t he green-orientated landscape features, there are small designs that can input in the design of the resorts. For example, the resorts can design to use energy saving light bulbs such as LED light bulbs to minimise the energy consumption (Eartheasy. com, 2012). Another idea is to create policies that aim at being eco-friendly. In the aspect of transportation, electric cars can be used within the resort area, to minimise the exhaust emission (Dissabandara, 2010). In the aspect of technology, nowadays the Key Activated system is common in most of the resorts (Entergize, 2012).The system is designed to reduce the energy consumption to minimum level in the resorts while the room is unoccupied. It automatically detects the room status and switches the energy on and off. This reduces the unnecessary waste of energy cost by the guests. In the aspect of daily operations, there are several ways to be ‘green’. The re-use towels policy based on guest request helps save energy and w ater for washing laundry. According to the Pacific Institute (2011), toilet flush volumes in the resort have declined significantly in the past 25 years, decreasing from 6 gallon per flush in 1980s to the new volume 1. gallon per flush in 2001. In addition to that, the older showerheads have flow rates of an average rate of 5 gallon per minute and 3. 5 gallon per minute average flow for the new ones (Vickers, 2001). The above changes in the resort accommodation greatly help minimising the consumption level of water within a resort. Recycle of wastes can also be carried out to ensure the environmental footprint of the resorts to be minimised. In order to help the customers define the eco-resorts, there is a third-party certification program, which is known as LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.According to LEED official website (2012), it is a nationally accepted organisation for design, operation and construction of high performance green buildings. With the LEED ce rtification, the resorts can thus claim themselves an ‘eco-resort’. Benefits of eco-resort To introduce, the sustainability of both the business and the neighbourhood environment has become two important focuses in the recent years. Firstly, in the point of view of the resort owners, the eco-friendly concept can attract target market group which has awareness to the environment aspect.Eco-resorts provide a positive impression to the public, which is also a major selling point for marketing. LEED certified resorts can request a higher rental rates than the non-certified resorts (LEED, 2012). Secondly, standing in the position of a consumer, eco-resorts can be attractive to who is paying attention to environmental protection. They can enjoy themselves in the resorts without worrying about massive damages to the environment. Thirdly, looking on the environmental side, eco-resorts, for sure, is an absolute benefit to the environmental protection.It is not just about the pre sent effort, but also raising public awareness to environmental protection (Eco Green Hotel, 2008). Considerations in eco-resorts It is no doubt that going green for a resort is a contemporary develop trend and an absolute benefit to resort management. However, there are some constraints that needed to take in consideration during planning. First of all, focusing on the staff management, for sure that the staffs working in a green resort should maintain the green policies carried out. The staffs need to be well-trained and willing to input effort into helping the resort to be ‘green’ (Townsend, 2011).Individuals that are believed in environmental protection will be willing to do more work for the environment. This is one of the motivations to the organisation as keeping the resort ‘green’ is a complex responsibility. Another point is at the financial side, the construction cost and maintenance fee of the building-integrated photovoltaic is higher than tradi tional electricity system (Sutherland, 2008). The hoteliers need to consider whether the cost is worth spending to operate an eco-resort. In addition to that, consumer behaviour is one factor which is not controllable.Even if the resort is encouraging customers to save energy and reduce wastes, they may still produce a lot of wastage throughout their stay. For example they may flush the toilet a few more times due to the fact that the decrease in the volume per flush. Therefore, it is an uncertain input to the resort. The resort can encourage the customers to be environmental friendly through marketing campaigns. Conclusion To summarise the above, it is a win-win strategy for both the business and the neighbourhood environment to go ‘green’ as long as they are able to set up an effective plan successfully.It is not just about recycling, but a complex concept with different considerations. Designs, operation policies, financial aspect, human resources and customersâ€⠄¢ behaviour are the major elements that are included in an eco-resort. They need to be linked and corporate with each other in order to set up a successful eco-resort. People nowadays pay more and more attention in environmental protection, sustainability is a growing concern to all industries. It is a trend for the hospitality to go green, as a small step of the resort can bring huge improvement to the environment.According to Murphy (2008), the resort should have a long-term vision and goals that matches sustainable objectives development strategy. Resorts should try to minimise the ecological footprint, which has been proposed to be ‘accounting tool that enables us to estimate the resource consumption and waste assimilation requirements of a defined human population (resort) in terms of a corresponding productive land area’ (Wackernagel and Rees, 1996). References Dissabandara, R. (2010). International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Eco Friendly Resort For Tourism: A Case Study at Ulagalla Resort.Dowling, R. K (2000). Ecoresort. In  Jafari, J. (editor). Encyclopedia of tourism. Routledge,  London; 2000. pp. 165. Eco green Hotel. com. (2012). Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hotel. Available from: http://www. ecogreenhotel. com [Accessed 20 November 2012] Entergize. (2012). Patented Entergize Key Card Technology. Available from: http://www. entergize. com [Accessed 17 November 2012] EPA. (2012). United States Environmental Protection Agency: Green roofs. Available from: http://www. epa. gov [Accessed 15 November 2012] Gold Coast Energy. (2012). What is Building Integrated Photovoltaics.Available from: http://www. goldcoastenergy. com. au [Accessed 19 November 2012] LEED. (2012). Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design: What is LEED. Available from: http://www. leed. net [Accessed 12 November 2012] Murphy,P. (2008). The Business of Resort Management. New York: Routledge. Pacific Institute. (2011). Hidden Oasis: Water Conservation and Efficiency in Las Vegas. Calculation of Potential Water Savings at Resorts and Casinos. Radcliff, M. (2012). Ways to stop pollution. Available from: http://greenliving. lovetoknow. com [Accessed 11 November 2012] Roisin, B. (2012). Sustainable Design: Solar energy.Available from: http://engineering . dartmouth. edu [Accessed 17 November 2012] Sutherland, L. J. (2008). Solar Energy Advantages Disadvantages: Solar Energy Problem Solved. Available from: http://ezinearticles. com [Accessed 20 November 2012] TATOC. (2011). Sharetime: Green resorts – how TATOC resorts are tackling environmental issues, 5. Available from: http://www. sharetimemagazine. com/ [Accessed 11 November 2012] Townsend, A. (2011). Malta Green Hotels Guide. Available from: http://www. projectgaia. org [Accessed 20 November 2012] UNESCAP. (2012). Fact sheet: Eco-resorts and hotels.Available from: http://www. unescap. org [Accessed 13 November 2012] United Nations Environment Program and World Tourism Organization. (2005). Making tourism more sustainable: a guide for policy makers. Madrid: UNEP and WTO. Vickers, A. (2001). Handbook of Water Use and Conservation. Waterplow Press: Amherst, Massachusetts. Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. E. (1997). Resort Development Handbook. Washington D. C. : Urban Land Institute. Wark, C. (2010). Cooler than Cool Roofs: How Heat Doesn’t move through a Green Roof, Part 2 Evapotranspiration. Available from: http://www. greenroofs. com [Accessed 19 November 2012]

Reflictive account of my own learning jouerny with evidence of my own Essay

Reflictive account of my own learning jouerny with evidence of my own devolpment - Essay Example I believe self-assessment is the best barometer for analysing the fruits of an academic experience. In this paper, a critical assessment of my academic journey in UK is conducted through reflective accounts from various perspectives such as coping with issues like problem solving, time management, assignment designing, feedback gathering and bonding with teammates. Reflective learning, according to Jennifer Moon, is â€Å"relatively independent form of mediation† and therefore, its impact on students becomes farfetched since it encourages skills beyond formal educating outcomes such as self-management and analytical thinking (2004, p.74). I can aptly state that this aspect of reflective learning has benefitted me greatly. I have learned to face and manage numerous issues on my own, which is also known as problem solving. According to Steven Krantz problem solving is not a one-time issue but it is a part of everyday life and analytical thinking, though is not a panacea, but a p owerful method â€Å"for dealing with many situations† (1997, p.9). ... I tried to make friends by allowing them to get an idea about my personality because studying becomes an enjoyable experience when you are surrounded by friends and not acquaintances. Assignments are critical since â€Å"results of research undertakings are communicated by assignments† (Jarvis, 2004, p.178). I used to dread academic writing because according to James Hartley â€Å"it typically falls into the 'difficult' and the 'very difficult' categories† (2008, p.7) and for international students, Diane Pecorari feels â€Å"academic writing in a second language is a challenging task† (2013, p.119). However, my intention was to change the stigmatic perception that plagiarism and foreign students are strongly connected. In this regard, my teachers and fellow students were very encouraging. Whenever I felt that I was not able to comprehend the course material properly, they explained it to me. Moreover, the concepts of objective and subjective writing also ensured that I was able to write and express myself in an authentic academic manner without being too opinionated. Dave Burnapp defines Objective writing as â€Å"a style where the focus is on a topic being discussed† instead on â€Å"the thoughts and feelings of the writer† and he distinguished Subjective style from Objective by stating that it primarily focuses on â€Å"the emotions, psychology and experiences of the writer.† (2009, p.196-198) Gradually, I learnt to give preference to scholarly material in my researches and gathered analysis from experts only so that my verdict is always derived from reliable information. Now I feel comfortable in both objective and subjective style of academic writing and my confidence has been

Integrating Ethnographic and Quantitative Research Essay

Integrating Ethnographic and Quantitative Research - Essay Example By providing this insight into communication they are able to point out the deficiency seen in Kleinfeld’s work, as she has failed to include this aspect in her work effectively. The study is mainly based on previous works in the field which are either descriptive or analytical in nature. The authors argue about some of Kleinfeld’s ideas related to the extent of impact of cultural differences on educational attainment of learners; especially among the minority students. They also argue that cultural differences are essential factors that might influence the learning processes, to which Kleinfeld does not appear to be paying attention. Thus, studying and understanding the real situation of cultural differences might improve the learning conditions and ultimately learning outcomes by affecting the cognitive process of the learners. This impact reflects the need to study and address the educational needs. The issue of cultural differences reflects the need for a change in educational practices to improve education achievements. The authors also stress the importance of using appropriate methods in studying cultural issues because personal attitudes of teachers in schools cannot work as evidence for studying minority students. Ethnographic studies can be taken as an example in this case, but there are other quantitative methods that may help in communicative and non-verbal studies. Thus, it will become clear that non-verbal differences are more obvious than the spoken language. A lack of existence of a common language of communication between two individuals may result in unclear signaling of expressions. The authors further argue that Kleinfeld in her work has assumed that it is lack of ‘motiviation’ that affects the learning of minority students. This implies their unwillingness to learn about the cultural values of the majority

Why you should be selected to receive this scholarship Essay - 1

Why you should be selected to receive this - Scholarship Essay Example I have been married, divorced, and have a daughter, who I love dearly. I lost both my beloved parents and a sister within the last 24 months. I recently quit my job of 10 years, after considerable cost-benefit analysis and reflection, to go back to school and to finish my education. Despite the challenges and difficulties, I remain optimistic and steadfast in faith and in the conviction that a better future holds to those who persist. I am a business major with concentration in the field of finance. I am in my second year at a community college, with plans to transfer to a four year program in a university. My long term goal is to graduate with an MBA degree. I currently have a 3.8 cumulative GPA through consistent academic diligence and commitment. I was immensely grateful and appreciative for having been awarded this scholarship last semester. I am hereby applying to be selected from the roster of hopeful applicants for the scholarship since I am currently unemployed and I wanted to focus my full and undivided time to complying with academic requirements, in conjunction with providing physical and emotional support to my daughter. My long term professional goal after graduating with an MBA degree is to become an instrumental part of the management team of a global organization where my knowledge, abilities and skills would contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. I likewise aim to uplift my family and society through the theoretical framework that would be applied towards corporate social responsibility and environmental

Management of Human Resources Individual work wk4 Assignment

Management of Human Resources Individual work wk4 - Assignment Example First is the economic globalization where there is increased global marketplace for products. Therefore, organizations should emphasize on innovating new products as well as employ people who are highly skilled and knowledgeable for most businesses are operating globally. Secondly, there is a shortage of skilled labor and talented employees worldwide therefore through information technology it is possible to employ a global workforce thus making it possible to operate globally therefore should be embraced. Thirdly, different countries have different cultures therefore for those firms that operate in more than one country, it is important to adapt the local cultures of each country. Lastly, the business strategies of an organization describe the ways these organizations plan to gain advantage and stay ahead of the competitors. Organizations should ensure that they produce goods of high quality, constantly innovating, providing the best services to customers and keeping costs low. Thes e changes will be incremental as the business world is developing very fast and organizations need to keep up with the speed to beat competition. The HR policies will be affected greatly by the changes. This is because of the fact that they will need to recruit new staff who are skilled as well as train those already in the business it will be costly but worthwhile. I addition, the performance of most organizations will also go up because organizations will be using up to date technology and skilled workers. The consequences include an expensive work force who will be asking for bigger pay for the services they offer as well as the business will grow due to the good performance of the skilled employees. Some of the advantages of using employee surveys to assess progress toward HR objectives include the ability to survey a large number of employees at the same time as well as getting honest and ample feedback. In addition,

Prepare a report presenting the advantages of adopting a project Essay

Prepare a report presenting the advantages of adopting a project management approach for the planning and control of a hotel refurbishment project - Essay Example lties, regardless of the scope of the refurbishment project, adopting a project management approach can streamline the renovation activities and ensure that all aspects of the project are coordinated from a management perspective. This report highlights the advantages of adopting the project management approach during the hotel refurbishment activity. During the refurbishment efforts, the needs of the stakeholders must be considered to ensure that the hotel still maintains competitive advantage (especially in terms of satisfying customers). Additionally, the entire refurbishment process requires the administrative efforts of a single individual (or a single group of leaders) who maintain responsibility for the entire project. Creating this type of hierarchical leadership scenario within the project will ensure that all members involved in the refurbishment process are accountable for the individual responsibilities and have a singular point-of-contact to report on their activities or communicate problems with the process in order to avoid miscommunication or project failures which are over-looked. Drescoll (2008) suggests that preliminary planning for the project is most crucial in the project management phases, by clearly establishing which stakeholders will be actively involved in the refurbishment process and the specific capacity of their individual or group responsibilities. The author suggests that an appropriate project management approach requires the project leader, prior to the actual start of the project, contact various departments and stakeholders to discuss the most appropriate channels of communication (Drescoll). These channels may include distribution of mobile devices for instant communication of project failures, internet and other online mediums, or any other method of communication which can provide instant opportunity for resolution or assistance in the face of problems. It appears that this aspect of project management maintains a

Confucious and the golden rule Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Confucious and the golden rule - Assignment Example sus’ positive assertion, considering other people and making efforts to help them would be living according to this code every day (Henderson, 2014). There are no exemptions from Jesus’s golden rule because he is the one who stated it. Jesus expects his followers to do positive things to others proactively that they themselves would like others to do to them (Henderson, 2014). However, Confucius’ golden rule can have exemptions considering it was a teaching for his students and stated by a mortal in contrast to Jesus, a deity. Jesus’ golden rule infers that God’s grace deliberates salvation to those who are good to others, but only when they have faith in him. This deliberation is a response to Christians’ repentance toward God (Reilly, 2010). The proof of this faith is visible in Christians’ God-given ability to adhere to the golden rule, which is the rule I live by. To show my faith in God, I live knowing that doing good to others is what God initially intended of

The Current Auraria Campus Safety plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 14

The Current Auraria Campus Safety plans - Essay Example Concerning the bomb threat, it is wise, not to use the mobile phones or radio devices within the range of 300 feet, as it can cause an explosion. Furthermore, it is effective to leave the area and report for any kind of uncommon or suspicious objects such as briefcase or carrier to the ‘Auraria Campus Police’ and ‘Emergency Personnel’ (The Auraria Higher Education Center, â€Å"Auraria Campus Emergency Procedures†). d. In case of fire incursion, it is recommended to use the closest fire alarm and inform in ‘911’ about the incident. It is suggested to leave the building where fire strikes out, as soon as possible, to avoid injuries. Furthermore, student/employees should enter the campus buildings only after taking authorization from ‘Emergency Personnel’ (The Auraria Higher Education Center, â€Å"Auraria Campus Emergency Procedures†). e. In case of any natural disaster such as massive storm or earthquake, the students/employees can go to lobby at the lowest floor and must avoid staying near a window in case there is no underground or another kind of shelter facilities. It is also advisable that students/employees need to stay in the safe zone until the calamities are over. Furthermore, students/employees can freely use the assistance of ‘Austria Campus Police’ or ‘Emergency Personnel’ (The Auraria Higher Education Center, â€Å"Auraria Campus Emergency Procedures†).

The Impact of Women Teachers on Girls Education Essay

The Impact of Women Teachers on Girls Education - Essay Example The cause and effect theory is given significance by the writer as women teachers in the schools will help in projecting a safe and secure environment for the girls in the schools. The high quality of education and mutual respect amid the genders will be improved and nurtured from the childhood. In accordance with the data from UNESCO, it is observed that countries with 20% women teachers have less number of girls’ education (Kirk, 2008). The writer argues that increase in the women teachers will give rise to better policies and security for women from the society. The link amid women teachers and girls’ education is strong due to the presence of the conservative society where the certain families might not want their girls to be taught by men. With the increase in the retention rate, the female perspective will be valued and advocated, increasing the opportunity and safety of women through education. The article explores the cause and effect theory of appointing women teachers which might lead to the increase in female education in schools. The gender equality concept will be majorly followed by the schools with the increase in the women teachers. The research conducted in this article is qualitative in nature and also ethnographic as the cultural values are also taken into consideration when evaluating the impact of girl’s education. Various literature reviews and cultural dimensions were taken into consideration while exploring girl’s education and the position of women in the society in a number of Asian and African countries. The main issue faced by the article is that it is based on the individual ability of the researchers as it is qualitative in nature. The methods used can at times be biased as they depend on the discretion of the researchers.  

Christian Perspectives on Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Christian Perspectives on Euthanasia Essay Christian Perspectives Roger Crook captures the Christian perspective on euthanasia by posing the question in terms of how we care for the dying. What do we do for the person who is comatose with no hope of recovery How do we care for the terminally ill person whose remaining days are increasingly agonisingly painful? The Human being is not simply a biological entity but a person, in the image of God and Christ. Death marks the end of a personhood in this life. Biblical teachings prohibit killing; the Sixth Commandment states ‘You shall not kill’ – both in terms of murder and involuntary manslaughter. Life should not be violated, while the prohibition of killing seems to be a moral absolute of Christianity there are exceptions for warfare and self-defence. There are examples in the Bible where the sacrifice of life is considered virtuous ‘Greater love has no man than this: That a man lay down his life for his friends’ The Bible does not prohibit all taking of life in all circumstances, although Christians have traditionally considered taking one’s own life to be wrong Roman Catholic Perspectives At the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, the Roman Catholic Church condemned crimes again life ‘such as any type of murder, genocide ,abortion, euthanasia or wilful suicide’ Life is sacred and a gift from God, ‘which they are called upon to preserve and make fruitful’ To take a life opposes God’s love for that person, and rejects the duty of a person to live life according to God’s plan. In the same declaration, the Roman Catholic Church made it clear that it was wrong to ask someone for an assisted death, and that an individual cannot consent to such a death: â€Å"For it is a question of the violation of the divine law, an offence against the dignity of the human person, a crime against life, and an attack on humanity’ The kind of autonomy that John Stuart Mill argues for is rejected by the Roman Catholic Church. We simply don’t have that freedom, because we are made by God for the purpose of loving God. A distinct argument is made about suffering and its role in Christian theology. Jesus died in pain on the cross, and human suffering at the end of life connects us to the suffering that Jesus felt. This does not mean that Christians should refuse to take painkillers or should actively seek pain, but it does grant suffering the possibility of having a positive effect on the individual. It provides the change that he or she may grow closer to God. Thomas Wood writes that suffering can seem meaningless, is terrible and is never sought, it is not the worst evil – it can be an occasion for spiritual growth and it can have moral effects on those in attendance. It can have meaning in the context of a life lived in faith. Protestant Perspectives Liberal Joseph Fletcher is an active advocate of the patient’s ‘right to de’ on the basis that Christian faith emphasises love for one’s fellow human being, and that death is not the end for Christians. Acts of kindness may embrace euthanasia, for instance when a human being is dying in agony, as a response to human need. Fletcher’s argument for euthanasia is essentially based around four points: 1. The quality of life is to be valued over biological life 2. Death is a friend to someone with a debilitating illness 3. All medical interventions place human will against nature and extraordinary means 4. Special equipment and unnecessary surgery are not morally required for a person who is terminally ill People are prepared to ‘face death and accept death as preferable to continuous suffering for the patient and the family’ There is no distinction between our response to a suffering animal or human. There is no difference between passive and active euthanasia as the result is the same. Conservative Represented by Arthur Dyck – he thinks an act of kindness can result in withdrawing treatment but not doing something actively to bring about death. Permitting some acts of active euthanasia, such as in the case of severely disable children, seems to be creating a class of human beings who are treated as less valued. He argues that a mentally retarded child is not dying, is not in pain an cannot choose to die. â€Å"Since killing is generally wrong it should be kept to as narrow a range of exceptions as possible’ While mercy is a moral obligation, killing is never as mercy. The term mercy killing is a contradiction and when we use the term to justify the killing of the disabled or the mentally incompetent, we fail to care for the most needy in the community, which is a fundamental moral duty. Dyck’s view is in keeping with traditional Christian thought, and most Christian theologians, which holds that active, direct help in the taking of human life is prohibited. Whereas voluntary euthanasia, self-willed by a rational, legally competent person, has ben permitted by some theologians, active euthanasia in which the person plays no role, has been condemned by the majority of Christian thinkers. The ethical approaches to the problem taken by Christians sometimes reflect a move from general principles to specific applications (the sanctity of life to the prohibition of euthanasia) and also at times the concern about the sinful nature of human beings and their unreliability at making good decisions through the use of ‘right reason’

Awesome Ball Girl and Perception Essay Example for Free

Awesome Ball Girl and Perception Essay In the short video of â€Å"Awesome Ball Girl†, there is a young ball girl working in the field that makes such a great catch, most professionals would not have been able to make. At the start of the video you would think that you are about to see a home run after a great hit, but my eyes were drawn elsewhere; just like the crowd and two teams. This shows the first stage in the perception process: selection. Selection occurs when one or more of your senses are stimulated, where your mind and body help you choose what stimuli to attend to (Floyd 109). Of my five senses, this video affected my vision and my hearing since I was watching a screen; more senses would have been affected if I would have been in the crowd. We do not necessarily make conscious decisions about which stimuli to notice and which to ignore. Research indicates that there are three characteristics that make a particular stimulus more likely to be selected for attention. (Floyd 109) The first characteristic is that something unusual or unexpected will make a stimulus stand out. Second, that repetition or how frequently you have been exposed to something will make it stand out. Third, the intensity of a stimulus will affect how much you take notice to it. From the video â€Å"Awesome Ball Girl†, two of the characteristics that stood out the most for me were repetition and intensity. I do not watch baseball often so since I am not exposed to that sport often, it stood out to me. In addition to not watching that sport often, the intensity of the crowd made me more interested because I knew something big was happening due to hearing the cheering and gasping. By the end of the video, all of my attention was focused on the young ball girl who just made an amazing catch. Once you have noticed a particular stimulus the next step of the perception process is to classify it by organization, the second stage of the perception process. Organization is the process of categorizing information that has been selected for attention – the mind will apply a perceptual schema to it for a mental framework for organizing information (Floyd 109). Perceptual schemas help us organize sensory information in some meaningful way so that we can move forward with the process of perception. There are four types of schema that help to classify the information we notice about people: physical constructs, role constructs, interaction constructs and psychological constructs. (Floyd 110) Physical constructs emphasize appearances and objective characteristics (height, age, ethnicity, body shape) as well as subjective characteristics (attractiveness). Role constructs emphasize social or professional position (teacher, accountant, father, community leader). Interaction constructs emphasize behavior (outgoing, shy, aggressive, sarcastic, considerate). Psychological constructs emphasize thoughts and feelings (angry, insecure, jealous, worried). (Floyd 110) Looking back on watching this video, I feel like I could apply all of these constructs to the young ball girl. She was a younger white female; her appearance was average height for a woman, not tall and not short with an athletic build – which is known to be attractive. The announcer for the game calls her the ball girl as well as the title of the video which gave the role construct. The interaction I could see was that she was a â€Å"go-getter† and that she was not shy about going after the ball that the professional player missed. After the catch, she was walking back to her seat; she seemed insecure and or worried like she was thinking maybe it was a bad idea to catch the ball now that all attention is on her. Stage one, selection, helped me with stage two, organization because I knew what caught my attention. Seeing a girl running down the side of the field, hearing the crowd cheering and the announcer going crazy made me realize that something spectacular was happening even though I don’t watch baseball often. Once my attention was focused on the ball girl, I was able to use the types of schemas to classify the information that my mind noticed. The third and final stage of the perception process is interpretation. Interpretation in the perception process is assigning all of the information from selection and organization and forming a personal meaning. Three factors: experience, knowledge and closeness can all affect how you interpret something that you perceive (Floyd 111). Every person’s interpretations will most likely differ. For me, experience plays the biggest role since I used to play softball. I know how hard it can be to catch a ball at the rear of the outfield, let alone trying to scale a wall before catching the ball; which proves to me that this young ball girl has a lot of talent. To some people that may be avid baseball fans that attend a lot of games, this could be an event they will never forget, but for me, it is just a very impressive video that I will probably potentially forget about due to my lack of interest in baseball. I do not have doubts that this video is not real or accurate. Crazier things happen every day! After going step by step through the perception process, I see a very talented young girl that has the potential to be a great player on a ball team.

Concept Development And Testing Marketing Essay

Concept Development And Testing Marketing Essay Concept Development and Testing A two-phase stage in the development of a new product in which potential buyers are presented first with the idea or description of the new product (concept testing) and later with the product itself in final or prototype form (product testing), in order to obtain their reaction. http://www.coolavenues.com/know/mktg/cc.php3 The most important part in this step is predicting the income and expenses of the product and to do market research, predicting who will buy the product. A product concept is an elaborated version of the idea expressed in meaningful customer terms. During this stage, the product ideas that form the new product implementation list must be defined more precisely JOURNAL OF PRODUCT BRAND MANAGEMENT, VOL. 5 NO. 6 1996 Here is a general view of how we incorporate research and creative concept into a concept development engagement. http://www.powerdecisions.com/consult-concept-development.cfm http://www.powerdecisions.com/images/Cpics/BrandPositioningFlow.gif We have to clearly define every part of the product to determine the cost of the product. We need to look at raw materials, labour, fixed costs, variable costs, costs to sell and possible return of investment. There are multiple ways to determine the selling price of your product. Pricing based on cost This is the primary basis for determining the cost price and selling price of a product. All the costs of producing the product are added together with a margin of profit, to come up with a price. The consumer or market will eventually determine the price of the product and not the producer. Possible competitor prices should also be taken into account. Pricing based on demand This is the opposite of the cost based pricing. Target costing is demand based. It means designing a product so that is satisfies costumers and meets the profit margins desired be the firm. Target costing makes the final price an input to the product development process, not an outcome of it. You estimate the selling price people would be willing to pay for a product and extract a profit margin. HANDBOEK 8. Famous brands that use this demand based pricing are: Sony and Isuzu. Pricing based on competition With this pricing method you look at what all other possible competitors are doing. The price of your own product can be higher, lower or identical to that of your competitors. This method depends on quality and customer loyalty. Price leadership is the procedure by which one or more dominant firms set the pricing practices that all competitors in an industry follow. HANDBOEK 8 BL 393 Pricing based on breaking-even Even before selling the product you determine how many you would need to sell to make a profit. This quantity that should be sold to break even would be seen as a sales goal. Break-even analysis is the process used to determine profitability at various levels of sales. The break-even point is the point where revenues from sales equal all costs. The formula is as follows, Break-even point (BEP) = Total fixed costs (FC) Price of one unit (P) -Variable cost (VC) of one unit The effect of this on the product is immense. It will determine the price of the product and the amount of materials needed to produce the product. The price of the product will determine the quantity that the consumer will buy which will determine the revenue and the profit made from the product. In this step of the production process the product can be a success or a failure Fixed costs are the costs that remain constant no matter how many products are produced or sold. Variable costs are the costs that change given the amount of products sold. Target group You need to determine the target group. With this product it is all golfers old and young amateur or professional. The next step is to do market testing. A prototype of the product is produced and given to the target group of the consumer and asked to test the product in a basic environment and give their opinion on the quality, size packaging and price. If the reception of the product is positive and the manufacturer is sure that nothing about the product can be improved the product is ready for the next step. Marketing and commercialization. The effect of the opinions of the target group on the product could lead to the restart of the entire procedure and the product could need to be refined or completely redesigned. The importance of team work and the amount of time needed on each of the different steps as set by this table. Bronne Copyright  © 2000-2010 Zebra Networks 10 April 2010 [Online] Available. http://www.coolavenues.com/know/mktg/cc.php3 Copyright  © 2000-2010 Power Decisions Group 10 April April 13, 2010 [Online] Avalable http://www.powerdecisions.com/consult-concept-development.cfm Book Author Boek naam Copy right ding Gedeelte Journal Rama Yelkur and Paul Herbig, (Bingham and Quigley, 1989) JOURNAL OF PRODUCT BRAND MANAGEMENT Global markets and the new product development process VOL. 5 NO. 6 1996 page 39 Angel MartÄ ±Ã‚ ´nez-Sa ´nchez, Manuela Pe ´rez-Pe ´rez and Pilar de-Luis-Carnicer European Journal of InnovationManagement Teleworking and new product development Vol. 9 No. 2, 2006 page 206, 208

Psychologists Essay -- essays research papers

Psychology is the study of human behavior, how we think, feel and act. Psychologists study both normal and abnormal behavior to understand it. Psychologists also try to use what we learn from that study to help people change aspects of their behavior that they want to change. Areas of psychology are clinical, industrial, and developmental. Careers in Psychology offer varied opportunities. Employment opportunities for capable psychologists are expected to be slightly better than average over the next several years. However, if you're interested in a career in Psychology, you should know that the training program to become a psychologist is a long one. There is also stiff competition for places in graduate training programs in Psychology. So why major in Psychology if it is going to take so long? First of all, it is an interesting profession that offers the opportunity to increase the well-being of one's life. It requires critical thinking skills, statistical reasoning skills, and research design skills. Also a major part of being a successful psychologist is having practical knowledge about people and a charismatic self. People who want to major in psychology usual get a 4-year degree at a university. During the first four years, the student obtains scientific and clinical knowledge in Psychology. It is also possible to get an internship during the third year of schooling. As well, students will get some opportunity to see what applied practice in Psychology will actually look like by taking courses and seminars in areas of special interest. Following the undergraduate degree, a two year program of graduate studies in Psychology in a university will lead the student to a Master's degree. Part of that two-year program will usually involve completing a research project in Psychology. Some areas allow persons with a Master's degree in Psychology to be registered as a psychologist. However, many people, particularly those who want to practice in a specialty area of Psychology, will go on to complete their doctoral degree in Psychology before becoming registered or licensed to practice. This will take another three to four years of study on average. As part of the doctoral program, students will complete a more complex research project in Psychology that will serve as their doctoral thesis. They will also complete an intensiv... ...uch as visual perception and the behaviour of single cells in the brain to complex studies of the behavior of large groups of people.Psychologists may choose to work in a firm, dealing one on one with people who have enlisted for the psychologist's help. In this area, a psychologist may work with abuse victims, abusers, drug abusers, children, marriage problems, and people with an array of disorders, problems, and some who just need help with a problem. Ted Bosack, the director of the Psychology department of Providence University, was kind enough to answer a few questions I sent to him about psychology. He stressed that the best psychologist isn't necessarily the one with the highest I.Q. It takes dedication and an extreme connection with people.Mr. Bosack said, "When you've got a high I.Q., you can write a book on marriage. When you've got a high E.Q., you have a great marriage." He thinks the best psychologist needs, not only high intelligence, but high emotional understanding to better understand people. I think his outlook sums up what a psychologist should be; someone open to those in need of one's understanding, one that will be a confident, as well as a friend.

Essay --

Define the field of study: ââ€"  Environmental science is the study of the biotic and abiotic factors in the environment ââ€"  It specifically focuses on the interaction that humans have with their environment as well as the impact that they have on their environment ââ€"  It also looks at the cultural, sociological, and behavioral interactions between humans and their environment What do practitioners in this field do in their jobs? ââ€"  Environmental scientists do lots of work in the field e.g. testing water quality, looking at air pollution, and testing to see how chemicals could disperse in the event of a toxic spill ââ€"  They also study various fields e.g. physics, climatology, geology, biology, and meteorology and look into other areas such as natural resources management, statistics, and mathematical modeling ââ€"  Environmental scientists analyze environmental data ââ€"  They are also required to make lots of graphs and charts based off of what they find ââ€"  They also analyze data to determine the importance of human actions and activities on the environment ââ€"  Also they find and fix pollution and other environmental problems ââ€"  They also offer advice to businesses on how to keep the environment clean or on how to have a cleaner and more eco-friendly way of disposing waste ââ€"  Environmental scientists, instead of studying isolated organisms, look at different interconnected ecosystems so that they can learn more about the environment or the ecosystem in any given region ââ€"  They also study the earths properties, predict hazards, provide assessments on environmental issues as well as locating and preserving resources ââ€"  Also environmental scientists deal with invasive species What Skills and tools do the practitioners use? Some tools that environment... ...ystem is a water treatment system that relies very little if at all on mechanical elements e.g. wetlands. Relate this field to another science: I think that environmental science can be related to medicine. I think that the main similarities are the urge to help and save people as well as keep things healthy. In medicine you try to help people get back to full health by looking at various medications and do whatever is necessary to have them get better and stay healthy. In some branches of environmental science you try to predict when and where some natural disasters may strike. By doing so you can alert people in nearby areas to be aware of the disaster and you could ultimately save lots of lives. In other part of environmental science you are focus on keeping different ecosystems as well as the environment clean and healthy to give us all a better place to live.

Richard III as a Successful Politician Essay -- Papers

Richard III as a Successful Politician Shakespeare's Richard III is set in England after the War of the Roses. Richard, the megalomanic eponymous character, is desperate for the throne of England. He tells us that he seeks the crown to compensate for his deformity (he was a hunchback from birth). Richard has his own brother killed and later has former allies and those who still stood in his way killed also. When Richard eventually gains the throne he finds his conscience and begins to feel insecure, he has the two Princes he has locked away killed. Nobles are horrified by his actions and establish a rebel force lead by Richmond. During the Battle of Bosworth FieldRichard is defeated and killed in hand to hand combat with Richmond, who then takes the throne and becomes King of England. The word 'political' can have more than one meaning. The Oxford English Dictionary has a few definitions of political and politician: 1. Of, relating to, or dealing with the structure or affairs of government, politics, or the state. 2. Relating to, involving, or characteristic of politics or politicians: 3. Interested or active in politics. 4. Having or influenced by partisan interests: The court should never become a political institution. 5. Based on or motivated by partisan or self-serving objectives: a purely political decision. 1. One who is actively involved in politics, especially party politics. 2. One who seeks personal or partisan gain, often by scheming and by manoeuvring Richard has shown several of these characteristics and so can be described as a political character.... ...d, therefore, that Richard was not a success as he was killed although he failed militarily rather than politically and had succeeded up to that point. As Richard failed as a soldier, he could still be called a successful politician. Political could also mean artful, ingenious, unscrupulous and cunning all of which can be applied to Richard at some point during the play. Richard is sly and gets away with treason, a crime punishable with death, he manages to put the blame on other people and avoid punishment himself. This could be considered successful, as he was never caught. Going back to the criteria for a politician it can be said that Richard is definitely a politician "one who seeks personal or partisan gain, often by scheming and by manoeuvring" but it is difficult to say whether he was successful or not.

Digital Fortress Chapter 94-99

Chapter 94 Midge Milken stood fuming at the water cooler near the entrance to the conference room. What the hell is Fontaine doing? She crumpled her paper cup and threw it forcefully into the trash can. There's something happening in Crypto! I can feel it! Midge knew there was only one way to prove herself right. She'd go check out Crypto herself-track down Jabba if need be. She spun on her heel and headed for the door. Brinkerhoff appeared out of nowhere, blocking her way. â€Å"Where are you headed?† â€Å"Home!† Midge lied. Brinkerhoff refused to let her pass. Midge glared. â€Å"Fontaine told you not to let me out, didn't he?† Brinkerhoff looked away. â€Å"Chad, I'm telling you, there's something happening in Crypto-something big. I don't know why Fontaine's playing dumb, but TRANSLTR's in trouble. Something is not right down there tonight!† â€Å"Midge,† he soothed, walking past her toward the curtained conference room windows, â€Å"let's let the director handle it.† Midge's gaze sharpened. â€Å"Do you have any idea what happens to TRANSLTR if the cooling system fails?† Brinkerhoff shrugged and approached the window. â€Å"Power's probably back on-line by now anyway.† He pulled apart the curtains and looked. â€Å"Still dark?† Midge asked. But Brinkerhoff did not reply. He was spellbound. The scene below in the Crypto dome was unimaginable. The entire glass cupola was filled with spinning lights, flashing strobes, and swirling steam. Brinkerhoff stood transfixed, teetering light-headed against the glass. Then, in a frenzy of panic, he raced out. â€Å"Director! Director!† Chapter 95 The blood of Christ†¦ the cup of salvation†¦ People gathered around the slumped body in the pew. Overhead, the frankincense swung its peaceful arcs. Hulohot wheeled wildly in the center aisle and scanned the church. He's got to be here! He spun back toward the altar. Thirty rows ahead, holy communion was proceeding uninterrupted. Padre Gustaphes Herrera, the head chalice bearer, glanced curiously at the quiet commotion in one of the center pews; he was not concerned. Sometimes some of the older folks were overcome by the holy spirit and passed out. A little air usually did the trick. Meanwhile, Hulohot was searching frantically. Becker was nowhere in sight. A hundred or so people were kneeling at the long altar receiving communion. Hulohot wondered if Becker was one of them. He scanned their backs. He was prepared to shoot from fifty yards away and make a dash for it. El cuerpo de Jesus, el pan del cielo. The young priest serving Becker communion gave him a disapproving stare. He could understand the stranger's eagerness to receive communion, but it was no excuse to cut inline. Becker bowed his head and chewed the wafer as best he could. He sensed something was happening behind him, some sort of disturbance. He thought of the man from whom he'd bought the jacket and hoped he had listened to his warning and not taken Becker's in exchange. He started to turn and look, but he feared the wire-rim glasses would be staring back. He crouched in hopes his black jacket was covering the back of his khaki pants. It was not. The chalice was coming quickly from his right. People were already swallowing their wine, crossing themselves, and standing to leave. Slow down! Becker was in no hurry to leave the altar. But with two thousand people waiting for communion and only eight priests serving, it was considered bad form to linger over a sip of wine. The chalice was just to the right of Becker when Hulohot spotted the mismatched khaki pants. â€Å"Estas ya muerto,† he hissed softly. â€Å"You're already dead.† Hulohot moved up the center aisle. The time for subtlety had passed. Two shots in the back, and he would grab the ring and run. The biggest taxi stand in Seville was half a block away on Mateus Gago. He reached for his weapon. Adios, Senor Becker†¦ La sangre de Cristo, la copa de la salvacion. The thick scent of red wine filled Becker's nostrils as Padre Herrera lowered the hand-polished, silver chalice. Little early for drinking, Becker thought as he leaned forward. But as the silver goblet dropped past eye level, there was a blur of movement. A figure, coming fast, his shape warped in the reflection of the cup. Becker saw a flash of metal, a weapon being drawn. Instantly, unconsciously, like a runner from a starting block at the sound of a gun, Becker was vaulting forward. The priest fell back in horror as the chalice sailed through the air, and red wine rained down on white marble. Priests and altar boys went scattering as Becker dove over the communion rail. A silencer coughed out a single shot. Becker landed hard, and the shot exploded in the marble floor beside him. An instant later he was tumbling down three granite stairs into the valle, a narrow passageway through which the clergy entered, allowing them to rise onto the altar as if by divine grace. At the bottom of the steps, he stumbled and dove. Becker felt himself sliding out of control across the slick polished stone. A dagger of pain shot though his gut as he landed on his side. A moment later he was stumbling through a curtained entryway and down a set of wooden stairs. Pain. Becker was running, through a dressing room. It was dark. There were screams from the altar. Loud footsteps in pursuit. Becker burst through a set of double doors and stumbled into some sort of study. It was dark, furnished with rich Orientals and polished mahogany. On the far wall was a life-size crucifix. Becker staggered to a stop. Dead end. He was at the tip of the cross. He could hear Hulohot closing fast. Becker stared at the crucifix and cursed his bad luck. â€Å"Goddamn it!† he screamed. There was the sudden sound of breaking glass to Becker's left. He wheeled. A man in red robes gasped and turned to eye Becker in horror. Like a cat caught with a canary, the holy man wiped his mouth and tried to hide the broken bottle of holy communion wine at his feet. â€Å"Salida!† Becker demanded. â€Å"Salida!† Let me out! Cardinal Guerra reacted on instinct. A demon had entered his sacred chambers screaming for deliverance from the house of God. Guerra would grant him that wish-immediately. The demon had entered at a most inopportune moment. Pale, the cardinal pointed to a curtain on the wall to his left. Hidden behind the curtain was a door. He'd installed it three years ago. It led directly to the courtyard outside. The cardinal had grown tired of exiting the church through the front door like a common sinner. Chapter 96 Susan was wet and shivering, huddled on the Node 3 couch. Strathmore draped his suit coat over her shoulders. Hale's body lay a few yards away. The sirens blared. Like ice thawing on a frozen pond, TRANSLTR's hull let out a sharp crack. â€Å"I'm going down to kill power,† Strathmore said, laying a reassuring hand on her shoulder. â€Å"I'll be right back.† Susan stared absently after the commander as he dashed across the Crypto floor. He was no longer the catatonic man she'd seen ten minutes before. Commander Trevor Strathmore was back-logical, controlled, doing whatever was necessary to get the job done. The final words of Hale's suicide note ran through her mind like a train out of control: Above all, I'm truly sorry about David Becker. Forgive me, I was blinded by ambition. Susan Fletcher's nightmare had just been confirmed. David was in danger†¦ or worse. Maybe it was already too late. I'm truly sorry about David Becker. She stared at the note. Hale hadn't even signed it-he'd just typed his name at the bottom: Greg Hale. He'd poured out his guts, pressed print, and then shot himself-just like that. Hale had sworn he'd never go back to prison; he'd kept his vow-he'd chosen death instead. â€Å"David†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She sobbed. David! At that moment, ten feet below the Crypto floor, Commander Strathmore stepped off the ladder onto the first landing. It had been a day of fiascoes. What had started out as a patriotic mission had swerved wildly out of control. The commander had been forced to make impossible decisions, commit horrific acts-acts he'd never imagined himself capable of. It was a solution! It was the only damn solution! There was duty to think of: country and honor. Strathmore knew there was still time. He could shut down TRANSLTR. He could use the ring to save the country's most valuable databank. Yes, he thought, there was still time. Strathmore looked out over the disaster around him. The overhead sprinklers were on. TRANSLTR was groaning. The sirens blared. The spinning lights looked like helicopters closing in through dense fog. With every step, all he could see was Greg Hale-the young cryptographer gazing up, his eyes pleading, and then, the shot. Hale's death was for country†¦ for honor. The NSA could not afford another scandal. Strathmore needed a scapegoat. Besides, Greg Hale was a disaster waiting to happen. Strathmore's thoughts were jarred free by the sound of his cellular. It was barely audible over the sirens and hissing fumes. He snatched it off his belt without breaking stride. â€Å"Speak.† â€Å"Where's my pass-key?† a familiar voice demanded. â€Å"Who is this?† Strathmore yelled over the din. â€Å"It's Numataka!† the angry voice bellowed back. â€Å"You promised me a pass-key!† Strathmore kept moving. â€Å"I want Digital Fortress!† Numataka hissed. â€Å"There is no Digital Fortress!† Strathmore shot back. â€Å"What?† â€Å"There is no unbreakable algorithm!† â€Å"Of course there is! I've seen it on the Internet! My people have been trying to unlock it for days!† â€Å"It's an encrypted virus, you fool-and you're damn lucky you can't open it!† â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"The deal is off!† Strathmore yelled. â€Å"I'm not North Dakota. There is no North Dakota! Forget I ever mentioned it!† He clamped the cellular shut, turned off the ringer, and rammed it back on his belt. There would be no more interruptions. Twelve thousand miles away, Tokugen Numataka stood stunned at his plate-glass window. His Umami cigar hung limply in his mouth. The deal of his lifetime had just disintegrated before his eyes. Strathmore kept descending. The deal is off. Numatech Corp. would never get the unbreakable algorithm†¦ and the NSA would never get its back door. Strathmore's dream had been a long time in the planning-he'd chosen Numatech carefully. Numatech was wealthy, a likely winner of the pass-key auction. No one would think twice if it ended up with the key. Conveniently there was no company less likely to be suspected of consorting with the U.S. government. Tokugen Numataka was old-world Japan-death before dishonor. He hated Americans. He hated their food, he hated their customs, and most of all, he hated their grip on the world's software market. Strathmore's vision had been bold-a world encryption standard with a back door for the NSA. He'd longed to share his dream with Susan, to carry it out with her by his side, but he knew he could not. Even though Ensei Tankado's death would save thousands of lives in the future, Susan would never have agreed; she was a pacifist. I'm a pacifist too, thought Strathmore, I just don't have the luxury of acting like one. There had never been any doubt in the commander's mind who would kill Tankado. Tankado was in Spain-and Spain meant Hulohot. The forty-two-year-old Portuguese mercenary was one of the commander's favorite pros. He'd been working for the NSA for years. Born and raised in Lisbon, Hulohot had done work for the NSA all over Europe. Never once had his kills been traced back to Fort Meade. The only catch was that Hulohot was deaf; telephone communication was impossible. Recently Strathmore had arranged for Hulohot to receive the NSA's newest toy, the Monocle computer. Strathmore bought himself a SkyPager and programmed it to the same frequency. From that moment on, his communication with Hulohot was not only instantaneous but also entirely untraceable. The first message Strathmore had sent Hulohot left little room for misunderstanding. They had already discussed it. Kill Ensei Tankado. Obtain pass-key. Strathmore never asked how Hulohot worked his magic, but somehow he had done it again. Ensei Tankado was dead, and the authorities were convinced it was a heart attack. A textbook kill-except for one thing. Hulohot had misjudged the location. Apparently Tankado dying in a public place was a necessary part of the illusion. But unexpectedly, the public had appeared too soon. Hulohot was forced into hiding before he could search the body for the pass-key. When the dust settled, Tankado's body was in the hands of Seville's coroner. Strathmore was furious. Hulohot had blown a mission for the first time ever-and he'd picked an inauspicious time to do it. Getting Tankado's pass-key was critical, but Strathmore knew that sending a deaf assassin into the Seville morgue was a suicide mission. He had pondered his other options. A second scheme began to materialize. Strathmore suddenly saw a chance to win on two fronts-a chance to realize two dreams instead of just one. At six-thirty that morning, he had called David Becker. Chapter 97 Fontaine burst into the conference room at a full sprint. Brinkerhoff and Midge were close at his heels. â€Å"Look!† Midge choked, motioning frantically to the window. Fontaine looked out the window at the strobes in the Crypto dome. His eyes went wide. This was definitely not part of the plan. Brinkerhoff sputtered. â€Å"It's a goddamn disco down there!† Fontaine stared out, trying to make sense of it. In the few years TRANSLTR had been operational, it had never done this. It's overheating, he thought. He wondered why the hell Strathmore hadn't shut it down. It took Fontaine only an instant to make up his mind. He snatched an interoffice phone off the conference table and punched the extension for Crypto. The receiver began beeping as if the extension were out of order. Fontaine slammed down the receiver. â€Å"Damn it!† He immediately picked up again and dialed Strathmore's private cellular line. This time the line began to ring. Six rings went by. Brinkerhoff and Midge watched as Fontaine paced the length of his phone cable like a tiger on a chain. After a full minute, Fontaine was crimson with rage. He slammed down the receiver again. â€Å"Unbelievable!† he bellowed. â€Å"Crypto's about to blow, and Strathmore won't answer his goddamn phone!† Chapter 98 Hulohot burst out of Cardinal Guerra's chambers into the blinding morning sun. He shielded his eyes and cursed. He was standing outside the cathedral in a small patio, bordered by a high stone wall, the west face of the Giralda tower, and two wrought-iron fences. The gate was open. Outside the gate was the square. It was empty. The walls of Santa Cruz were in the distance. There was no way Becker could have made it so far so quickly. Hulohot turned and scanned the patio. He's in here. He must be! The patio, Jardin de los Naranjos, was famous in Seville for its twenty blossoming orange trees. The trees were renowned in Seville as the birthplace of English marmalade. An eighteenth-century English trader had purchased three dozen bushels of oranges from the Seville church and taken them back to London only to find the fruit inedibly bitter. He tried to make jam from the rinds and ended up having to add pounds of sugar just to make it palatable. Orange marmalade had been born. Hulohot moved forward through the grove, gun leveled. The trees were old, and the foliage had moved high on their trunks. Their lowest branches were unreachable, and the thin bases provided no cover. Hulohot quickly saw the patio was empty. He looked straight up. The Giralda. The entrance to the Giralda's spiral staircase was cordoned off by a rope and small wooden sign. The rope hung motionless. Hulohot's eyes climbed the 419-foot tower and immediately knew it was a ridiculous thought. There was no way Becker would have been that stupid. The single staircase wound straight up to a square stone cubicle. There were narrow slits in the wall for viewing, but there was no way out. David Becker climbed the last of the steep stairs and staggered breathless into a tiny stone cubicle. There were high walls all around him and narrow slits in the perimeter. No exit. Fate had done Becker no favors this morning. As he'd dashed from the cathedral into the open courtyard, his jacket had caught on the door. The fabric had stopped him mid stride and swung him hard left before tearing. Becker was suddenly stumbling off balance into the blinding sun. When he'd looked up, he was heading straight for a staircase. He'd jumped over the rope and dashed up. By the time he realized where it led, it was too late. Now he stood in the confined cell and caught his breath. His side burned. Narrow slats of morning sun streamed through the openings in the wall. He looked out. The man in the wire-rim glasses was far below, his back to Becker, staring out at the plaza. Becker shifted his body in front of the crack for a better view. Cross the plaza, he willed him. The shadow of the Giralda lay across the square like a giant felled sequoia. Hulohot stared the length of it. At the far end, three slits of light cut through the tower's viewing apertures and fell in crisp rectangles on the cobblestone below. One of those rectangles had just been blotted out by the shadow of a man. Without so much as a glance toward the top of the tower, Hulohot spun and dashed toward the Giralda stairs. Chapter 99 Fontaine pounded his fist into his hand. He paced the conference room and stared out at the spinning Crypto lights. â€Å"Abort! Goddamn it! Abort!† Midge appeared in the doorway waving a fresh readout. â€Å"Director! Strathmore can't abort!† â€Å"What!† Brinkerhoff and Fontaine gasped in unison. â€Å"He tried, sir!† Midge held up the report. â€Å"Four times already! TRANSLTR's locked in some sort of endless loop.† Fontaine spun and stared back out the window. â€Å"Jesus Christ!† The conference room phone rang sharply. The director threw up his arms. â€Å"It's got to be Strathmore! About goddamn time!† Brinkerhoff scooped up the phone. â€Å"Director's office.† Fontaine held out his hand for the receiver. Brinkerhoff looked uneasy and turned to Midge. â€Å"It's Jabba. He wants you.† The director swung his gaze over to Midge, who was already crossing the room. She activated the speaker phone. â€Å"Go ahead, Jabba.† Jabba's metallic voice boomed into the room. â€Å"Midge, I'm in the main databank. We're showing some strange stuff down here. I was wondering if-â€Å" â€Å"Dammit, Jabba!† Midge came unglued. â€Å"That's what I've been trying to tell you!† â€Å"It could be nothing,† Jabba hedged, â€Å"but-â€Å" â€Å"Stop saying that! It's not nothing! Whatever's going on down there, take it seriously, very seriously. My data isn't fried-never has been, never will.† She started to hang up and then added, â€Å"Oh, and Jabba? Just so there aren't any surprises†¦ Strathmore bypassed Gauntlet.†

High School Diploma/Equivalency vs. College Degree

Frederick D. Huff, Jr. Rhonda poise English 102 College Degree Vs. High memorize Diploma/Equivalency or No diploma at exclusively To be or not to be? , that is the misgiving. This is the airfoiling assertion of a soliloquy that was apply in the playwright Hamlet by the swell William Shakespe be. I guess you may be wondering why I would break with such a statement for a research proposal. This is what comes to my mind with I trust about the ethics and importance of breeding.Whether this be the achievement of obtaining a college head or expert settling for a uplifted school diploma is, the importance that to each one of these holds lies within the person that is getting the instruction. As I analyze and lay down a further understanding of what true preparation actor to me, I realizem to gain a sense that defining what it means to surrender a true teaching method for one visitms to be undermined by most(prenominal).Though this may come off as an combative a pproach towards addressing the selected result of which I have chosen to present my rhetorical analysis, I would like to state that it makes sense to me that many would agree that higher upbringing is the give away to all success, financially, materialistically, or spiritually. I regularise this because in mind, an upbringing is just manifestly pursuing the subject that your soul is about passionate for. Through discovering what that passion is, you would endeavor in reaching the capitalest school principal possible in that specific written report as you sewer.Although it have the appearance _or_ semblances like this topic may be something that e trulyone would take a great importance to, it is quite surprising to see the responses given when citizens, including fellow students, are asked why do you bump education is of the essence(predicate) to the growth of the American Economy and why you find education to be pregnant? I retrieve this is a loose topic that can meet the requirements that fate to be fulfilled for this assignment. I chance that this is a very appropriate topic for discussions as each of the individuals taking this online crinkle are currently considered to be students in pursuit of a college education.This topic to a fault comes in correspondence of the requirements that need to be met for the research proposal as listed in the assignment prompt. Whether or not that college education is limited to an associates degree or a doctorate in Physiological engineering, the education obtained would still be considered a form of higher education. This can be a very open topic full of ideas tho I feel I can centre my stance in a cosmopolitan direction that all can mention to. Being the author, or writer as declared in the question, I could see this macrocosm a topic of evoke for many.Including my fascination of education and why I feel it is an absolute necessity for our humanity as American citizens, this passion could em phatically feed over to valid and credible points of the difference between being college meliorate and just high school educated. This is a diverse topic and I feel it should be acknowledged. In my opinion, education is very important and must be an meaty part of each functioning citizen. These think coming from my perspective may be sort of bias and can fine much tell how I feel regarding this topic, education is the reason why some of todays leaders have gotten to the point that they are in.I get out be the first manlike in my family to not only attend to a division 1 quad year University but I will also be the first to ascertain a college degree. I think that this survive has not only changed my well being as a human but has also enlightened me with greater determine and ethics that I now take a lot more monstrous then I did before. In conclusion, I know that the questions Is it really as dependable as it seems to be college educated or is that just a statement use d for people for those that do want to go onto higher education?Why does it seem like there is becoming a greater standard for the education outline and why is it becoming more of a mandate for everyone to strive for higher education? Does it really require a college education to be a success in America or is success just a state of mind? all come to mind. As I stated before, this can only come from the individual receiving the education but the real question should be Do you value yourself full to achieve greater through your education? training The Single Most primal Job. Edutopia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. Diversity and Higher Education guess and Impact on educational Outcomes Harvard educational Review Volume 72, offspring 3 / Fall 2002 Harvard Education print Group. Diversity and Higher Education Theory and Impact on educational Outcomes Harvard Educational Review Volume 72, Number 3 / Fall 2002 Harvard Education Open Educational Resources. Hewlett Foun dation News. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Youll need to understand how to compose the only way and an essay to conduct a meeting.The naked eye protection worn should also have wide shields in order to protect your ears as full well as your neck. There are one many types of eye protection: chemical splash vision goggles face shields, safety glasses, etc. The new type of eye protection required is dependable on the chemicals and such situation so always understand the experiment first before choosing eye protection logical and if you do not know, you should always ask apply your TA.Hand Gloves:Another critical piece of lab safety would be wearing wear gloves when conduction experiments.Essays need you also to only present and to receive all the proper further details of your subject.Gloves should not be reused unless they are clean logical and free of chemicals. Also, gloves should be checked unlooked for holes and cracks because the last thing deeds that should happen is having any part of your body coming into contact wi th  chemicals. wear Gloves should also be removed before touching other things like check your phone or notebooks.Long Pants:Wearing long pants (from left hip to foot) while performing any type of second experiment in the lab, is another essential safety rule deeds that must be followed.

In the event you were creative writing about an individual profile essay illustration about a star, you need to make the reader good feel happy.If one of these chemicals is spilled, it is very possible that it will get on one’s feet. Wearing sandals dead leaves the toes exposed and prone to be harmed by the spilled chemicals. Also, most of the utensils used in a lab how are made of glass. Where there is glass, there is a third possibility that it might break.The first thing is to choose a subject that has more than just one side.A own lab coat protects our skin and doesn’t allow substances to get on our clothes. There is also a greater risk that our clothes might catch on fire. If this were to happen, many fabrics stick to the skin causing serious burns. A lab coat is made of other materials that won’t stick to one’s body in latter case of a fire.

Choose resources based on the topic you desire to write about.Its not the thing on the market although, your information moral ought to be concealed from the net.For your debate to be a one you need to single double check to see whether there are strong enough data.There may be a sense of wakefulness.

When youre most likely to work in a science staffed lab lab safety is important.Office security instills a feeling of devotion logical and commitment among the workers because of the organizations security assurance.You are likely to be in a position to recognize even tiny more details that could have eluded you as you little read the job of authors.To get the notion of writing a profile definite article you will have to read the important functions of women and men who have well written successful essays.

Vacant Chapter 10 Decision

When I eventu all in ally fount at the clock, I obtain its been heptad hours since I ran extinct on Emily and my feelings. As I suppose divulge in s bearingcrow of me, the fair-haired(a) asphalt blurring with lily-livered and sporting lines, I flummox the conclusiveness to uphold going. I dont motivation to be the champion to let on her.No motion how farther I drive, I fare to the comparable consequence everyplace and everywhere again. I moldiness hurt condition Emily whatever family of my feelings for her. It was neer my intention. Im a deport boy at a market store. She call for soulfulness to cook railroad care of her demoralize her all the liaisons shes never had. She doesnt destiny an divest shmuck with handsome gold than common land sense.Usually, forty-eight hours doesnt expect equal a unhurt lot. However, its the prolonged Ive been by from Emily in the visualize Ive cognise her. Its wicked for me to see Ive just cognize her such a defraud cadence because shes my hale vitality. How can buoy your self-colored life sentence be consumed by 1 individual you havent cognise your stainless life?Since I dont chouse the serve to that, I financial backing driving.Its Friday the thirteenth. I hadnt in truth realise it until I stop for gas, and the brothel keeper in nominal head of me was physical composition a check. She asked what the date was. The concomitant answered her in a gleeful, notwithstanding down(p) t adept. mountain one find Friday the 13th? If now is the thirteenth though, that federal agency Ive been quiescency in my car for sixer geezerhood. 6 long time without her glorious eyes. six-spot geezerhood without interview the slight enounce in her voice. sextuplet long time since she told me she love me, and I leftover her corresponding a burglar in the night. sestet days of persuasion round kissing, pitiable and prop Emily. Its the barely thing Ive opini on about.Suddenly, it hits me I go to sleep just now what the racoon from yesterday matte analogous as the wheels of the hand truck out front of me turn over over him withering him from the outdoor(a) in.

Brief History of Istanbul Essay

Evidences determineed from archeological dust shew that wad began to experience the proximities of contemporary Istanbul for nigh railway yards of eld ago. At intimately 5000 B. C. , a impenetr competent and discursive mess of individuals live the impregn open causal agent of Istanbul. The classic people alwaysy(prenominal) the bureau from Megara and Miletus started to outride upon the soils l avail along the coasts of the dumb ocean as puff up as the Bosporus rear in the latter(prenominal) long quantify of eighter from Decatur coulomb B. C. The twelvemonth 660 B. C. witnessed the sm invariablyy(prenominal)(prenominal) t bear of Byzantium by Byzas, the wear of the sm solely town whose origins identify to Megarian roots.As expected, the trace of the colony was model subsequently(prenominal) his scream. collect competent to the strategic status of Byzantium, it come up gained g any everyplacenment agency over the neighborhood in damage o f parsimoniousness which at long last light-emitting diode to the wariness of legion(predicate) ambitious switchors. on the passage of the rosy snout, Byzantium was giveed which bestowed it with the virtually adapted make all-over the locality. The untaught successfulness of Byzantium place be nighly attributed to the teemingness of tilt as con inclin erably as the adjoin country attitude which was fertile abundant to keep venture plants for agriculture. attached to Byzantium, a riskless(prenominal) guard was expeditiously provided for by the intake of the easy Horn which was near(a) Bosporus. This reach was considered as a study marine way of life grit in those generation as it joined the Mediterranean sea to the baleful ocean. Byzantium finally found itself essay amidst the billets toil several(prenominal) to hold and subdue over the urban centerIranians, Greeks, S digressans and Athenians all displace their swords and took remote lives for the interestingness of winning the urban center at a lower place their say-so. such(prenominal) was the major enormousness of Byzantium during those times where its successfulness was evidently beyond imagination. as yet the Gauls attacked the metropolis during the trine degree Celsius and in 202 B. C. the urban center sought- aft(prenominal)(a) the jock and shield from majuscule of Italy after(prenominal) existence taken over by Macedonians. regulartually, the metropolis was absorb as a decisive part of the papistic conglomerate back in 73 B. C. During 196 A. D. , the metropolis was caught on the ill-timed side after the foundation garment of a top executive fight in the romish pudding st hotshot. As economically in good instal as Byzantium may seem, it was non cap adequate to reply and fend the make out which in the end trick take dismantle the capabilities of the cities as it paying(a) d proterozoic.A vainglorious publicati on of the residents were dispatch as intumesce as a strong parcel of land of Byzantium was obliterated by the leading of the roman letters emperor moth Septimus Severus. Apparently, the Rman emperor had to remodel the sinless urban center scratch line forward with the ruins as the bring up of the source struggle. In the process, Byzantium was able to like itself and widen to get ahead amidst threats and occurrences of gracious wars as come up as rebellions which strangled all-over the papistic pudding st unrivalled by the m some(prenominal) geezerhood to go over.However, Constantine I routed his foe, emperor Licinius, on phratry 18, 324. Constantine I was able to flux the ample soil of the papist imperium and do it follow his leadership. The papist conglomerate at last make Byzantium as the fix ceiling of the region which broaden to as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as superstar-third chastes. Byzantium at long last gained a peeled nameCo nstantinopleafter realism in short k outright as the novel nifty of the United States of Italy named in laurels of Constantine who was the scratch romish principle to pinch the doctrines of Christianity.During its time, Constantinople gained much(prenominal) than personality and riches devising it one of the manhoods intimately economically travel cities. The urban center was close to invulnerable in status, having the forcefulness to place the doctrines of the Christian religious belief and to compile ample amounts of riches up until the ordinal ampere-second. As the concussion spotlights amid the eastern or so and the due west became to a greater extent often than not attributed to Constantinople, it was no wonder that all roads were at a time pore on the flush metropolis of Constantine. In 395 A. D. the unharmed of the popish empire was separate into the double-u and the due east particularly after the expiry of Theodosius. The ea stern Roman pudding stone adopt Constantinople as its interchange metropolis or roof which was subsequently referred to as the tangled imperium as a varan of its resplendent past. through and through the cable of time, Constantinople provided mature as the lens nucleus of the Greek Orthodox Christian realm. With its immense fiscal resources, the wealth of the convolute conglomerate gave it the might to veer Constantinople as a beautiful urban center out-of-the-way(prenominal) beyond compare.The shininess and stateliness of Constantinople is by chance owed to the well-paid clothes designers who intentional violet churches and minute palaces as well as artists and sculptors alike contributed a bombastic constituent of the urban centers aesthetic transformation. bingle guiding light expression ever to be erected is the hippodrome which could withdraw more than a ascorbic acid kB spectators. Eventually, the walls of the metropolis were pass on reinforced into a obviously weighed pot cautionary(p) mould as threats of incursion from rivalling forces neer dwindled. approximately half(a)(a) gazillion citizens be Constantinople on a lower floor the find oneself of emperor moth Justinian from 527 to 565 A.D. The emperor butterfly took in effect(p) control of the intromission of some of Constantinoples most majestic proveings which acknowledge the Haghia Sophia, one of the largest churches during the top side of the prosperity of Constantinople. The knotty empires peachy reached its lavish blom under(a) the point of emperor Justinian. Even though Constantinople go on to accoutrement its pissed furtherance with protective measures, enemies from the orthogonal were necessarily attracted to the wideness of the city. A some daylights after, the city was devastated with a provoke in 542 A. D. which claimed the lives of one-third of every five citizens.This, un foregatherunately, brought the sp ring of the citys hark back. As the city slashed in wrong of its people both(prenominal) in size of it and strength, the enemies of Constantinople took the chance to fence in the city. Apparently, the enemies were ineffective to successfully conquer the city as the walls of Constantinople prove impenetrable. Attacks on the city mount among the 7th and eleventh nose candy A. D. which acknowledge forces from Persian Sassanids, Bulgars, Avars, Russians, and Islamic Arabs.At the time of the quaternate Crusade, the Latins were able to break of serve the walls of Constantinople and captured the capital of the twisty imperium in 1204 A.D until 1261 less than a century of captivity when the problematical forces repossess the capital. At the point of captivity, however, Constantinople was greatly atrophied in monetary value of wealth and radix as the invade forces steal valued jewels and any opposite relic they deemed were of sufficient value. The replete(p) universe pinched to half a 100 thousand during that time, and the citizens suffered greatly from famine. In 1396, the blow Turks captured Constantinople and built a fort on the Asian side of the Bosporus Sea in shape to halter aid from stretchiness the city. However, the capital would not bloodline for a some more historic period.On the twenty-ninth day of May, the pansy leader Mehmed was able to tweak down the city walls and flick the city which finally aimled the fall of the era of Constantinoples Christian church and the jump of Muslim restrain over the land. Apparently, the Muslims transform the Haghia Sophia into a Muslim temple. In 1457, the capital of the knobbed conglomerate was already cognize as Istanbul which posterior(prenominal) became the interchange point of the poove Empire. Mehmed began to repopulate the city after the besieging and indoors a hardly a(prenominal) years time, Istanbul gained a spacious plus in population, most amounting to approximately 50,000 inhabitants. quilt Istanbul was able to chance on its neb during the sway of Suleyman the Magnificent, and perchance the most illustrious buildings ever to be erected during those times, roughly amounting to ccc buildings, were the creations of foreman architect Sinan. These efforts to reconstitute comforter Istanbul were strong as it signalled the come home of a young Istanbul, one which is unambiguously blow in identity. end-to-end time, pouf Istanbul unfastened its doors to the alfresco world in order to obtain a sympathetic blood with the early(a) cities and states.This departed to the elaboration of the citys population, now having a change of antithetical races such as Jews, Christians, Armenians and divergent citizens. mildew on pouffe Istanbul find oneself was plain be influenced by more different forces from these races. Eventually, Istanbul became influenced with the modernisation of the world. Europeans began to build a squeeze transcription which connects the unharmed continent with Istanbul by the 1870s. As a result, the powderpuff empire became situated under the debt of European formers.These would later result to spot struggles from inwardly the empire, tangled all the more by the assay influences from the Europeans to whom they were obligated(predicate) with. In consequence, these developments in the fag empire especially in Istanbul uring the ordinal and early ordinal centuries would signal the dip of the hassock empire and would curb the outset of the Turkish Republic. Today, Istanbul ashes as a passionate reminder of how a city once so the right way became so preoccupied into the appetite for power which led to its own subjugation and diminishment of power in the next years.